Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban has exempted a mammoth pro-government media group from scrutiny by the national competition watchdog, according to a decree published late on Wednesday, Reuters reports.

Critics say the rightwing nationalist leader is presiding over a gradual disappearance of independent media in the ex-Communist satellite. Dozens of newspapers and broadcasters critical of Orban have changed hands in recent years, resulting in less public dissent.

The Central European Press and Media Foundation conglomerate, created this year by Orban loyalists, runs an immense media portfolio received from several pro-government businessmen as charitable donations. It has more than 400 outlets, from Echo TV and Hir TV to national daily Magyar Idok and all regional newspapers.

The decree, published in the Official Gazette and signed by Orban, said exempting the group from regulatory scrutiny was in the public interest. But the Association of Hungarian Journalists reacted on Thursday by vowing to appeal against the holding's creation at the Constitutional Court.

Gabor Polyak, analyst at Hungarian media think tank Mertek, said competition was being distorted by the conglomerate. "The fact the government opted for this political solution is an open admission this would not have passed the provisions of either the media law or the competition law," he said. "This will create a scale of media concentration unthinkable in the Western world."

Hungary's government has denied undermining press freedom. Its communications office KTK justified the decree as enabling the group to help ensure the survival of print media.
The group's head Gabor Liszkay, a close Orban confidante, said he could not comment on the transactions to create the group, but dismissed accusations of bias.

"Our critics have already been calling us mouthpieces," he told Reuters. "There is no change in that now."

A 2017 survey by U.S. government-funded Freedom House ranked Hungary's press as "partly free", while a European Union parliamentary report this year said media was concentrated in the hands of pro-Orban oligarchs.

Although the new Central European Press and Media Foundation does not target profit generation, its portfolio is in fact a big money-maker. Last year, members of the group had revenue of 60 billion forints ($210 million), much of it from state adverts, and made a profit of 8 billion forints, according to independent news web site 24.hu.

Orban, 55, who projects himself as a savior of Hungary's Christian culture against Muslim migration into Europe, won a third straight term in power earlier this year.